Please note that if you are not required to undergo a proposal or upgrading process for your doctoral degree, the advice offered in this and the following postings on writing an introduction for the proposal applies equally to writing an introduction for the thesis itself. The proposal introduction is, after all, simply an early version of the introduction that will ultimately open the final thesis.
Before you begin writing any chapters for the proposal (or the thesis), it is wise to establish the referencing, editorial and formatting styles that should be used in your thesis, so if you (and your supervisor) have not yet decided upon such mundane matters, you should do so as you contemplate beginning your introduction. There may be university and/or department guidelines that you need to follow, or you may be directed to use a particular style guide (such as the Chicago Manual of Style, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association or the American Medical Association Manual of Style). If you do not have any guidelines to follow, consulting theses recently completed in your discipline or department can provide useful models, and discussing matters of style and formatting with your supervisor and perhaps other members of your thesis committee may prove helpful as well. It is impossible to emphasise how much time and effort is saved by recording references and presenting other elements of your writing in the correct styles and formats at once. You will also save yourself work down the road by knowing exactly what the length requirements for separate parts of your thesis and the thesis as a whole are, and keeping these requirements firmly in mind while drafting your introduction and other proposal chapters.
To state what is probably already obvious, a proposal (or thesis) introduction introduces your research project to your readers, and just as every doctoral research project is unique, so every introduction is unique. Different universities, disciplines and thesis committees may require or expect introductions to accomplish different things, include different information and feature different headings and sections, so do check with your supervisor and department to see if there are any specific requirements for your introduction. An introductory chapter often bears a main title such as ‘Introduction’ or ‘Background,’ but this title may be enhanced by a subtitle that defines your topic more specifically. Including sections and subsections with subject-specific headings can help you present and organise material effectively, and some research will require many divisions, while other studies will require only a few. Regardless of your topic, however, there are certain basic ingredients that either must or almost always appear in the introduction to an academic or scientific proposal (or thesis), and others that might be included or not depending on the nature of your research. In future postings on the proposal process, I will itemise and discuss the most common and necessary purposes of a proposal or thesis introduction.
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